Data Visualization And Information Technology - 1006 Words

TDWI is a research division who focuses on high-quality educational research on business intelligence (BI), and data warehousing. TDWI conducted a report which was designed to â€Å"educate technical and business professionals about new business intelligence, technologies, concepts, or approaches that address a significant problem or issue.† They also mention how users could discover data relationships that are hidden behind unappealing data structures by using data visualization software’s. These software’s don’t necessarily have to be used by professionals who have been working with business intelligence and analytics for a long time. They are designed to also be used by â€Å"nontechnical† individuals who have the curiosity and interest in†¦show more content†¦Them taking out time of their day and stopping what they are doing just to answer question and explain, showed me that they really wanted me to get the best out of this internship and valued me being part of the team. I would give this internship and my managers an A, no doubt about it. This internship made me realize exactly what I want to do after I graduate. I want to be a financial analyst, and if all goes well, after the two-year internship at the bank, I would love to get a full-time offer by the bank and become a financial analyst and stay in the same department. Working with the people in my team is truly a great opportunity. The bank’s culture is what I would want any institution’s culture to be. One aspect the bank seems to value and try their best to make as great as possible is the diversity and inclusion of the employee’s. It is a very diverse community and it makes me feel very welcome. One other benefit if I were to be hired as full-time is that if I want to pursue graduate school, I would be reimbursed. At this moment, I know that I eventually want to go to graduate school and pursue my masters, but I’m not exactly sure if I want to get it right after I get my undergraduate degree or wait a couple of years. But just knowing the fact that I have that benefit of being reimbursed, gives me more motivation to continue my education. My vision after I graduate is to becomeShow MoreRelatedThe Diverse and Growing Field of Information Visualization885 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough relatively new field, information visualization is moving forward with the new perspective playing major role in diverse field ranging from high end scientific research to inconsistent market analysis. In order to assess data visualization, van Wijk (2005) discusses the value of the visualization through a mathematical model in the paper ‘The Value of Visualization’ approaching it on the technology, art and scientific concepts. In the following summary paper, the van Wijk (2005) mathematicalRead MoreA Taxonomy For Evaluating Business Data Visualizations1629 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Evaluating Business Data Visu alizations Submission Type: Emergent Research Forum Papers Introduction We are creating data in enormous quantities primarily because of improvements in data capture technologies. But much of this data are underused or never being used. A detailed analysis of this underused data is often impractical due to time, personnel, and other resource constraints. Data visualization techniques offer a good means of taking an immediate look at this data for exploring the underlyingRead MoreWhat Is Internet Of Things?1131 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' CONCEPTS OF IoT What is Internet of Things? 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The first instance of data visualization can be traced back to the 10th century with a graphRead MoreThe Importance Of Proper Representation Of Data1713 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresentation of data that is mined from social media. The need for data mining and its various advantages are also discussed. The standard tasks involved in data mining are explained. The discussion illuminates the various techniques that can be used for representing the data (Textual representation, Tables, Graphs, Infographic). Draws attention to the useful applications of data mining in varying degrees and illustrates the benefit of this powerful technology. Suggests use of data visualization tools likeRead MoreVisualization Analysis On Data Mining1476 Words   |  6 Pages 1 ABSTARCT Visualization in data mining is a new methodology for exploring and analyzing a huge data sets, data visualization techniques and joining traditional data mining strategies. It is used for large amounts of data sets and information. Visualization of model-fitting, data and results play a very important role, but vast data sets are distinctive and new techniques of a data display needed for managing and dealing with large data sets. With the help of this paper toRead MoreHow An Effective Computer Systems Generate Positive Feelings Of Success, Competence, Mastery, And Clarity1496 Words   |  6 PagesThere are various types of visualizations in human commuter interaction. The main three factors in visualization are scientific visualization, knowledge visualization and information visualization. The purpose of visualization in computer interaction is to present the audience a visual mean of processing the information. It is essential to take note that visualization to be effective it m ust draw upon the knowledge base of the audience. For instance If the viewer does not understand the graphicalRead MoreNumerical Analysis : Numerical Transformation Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pages1) Numerical Transformation: Visualization is a kind of transformation numerical data to graphical data and showing the relationship between these data. Numbers are abstract concepts, and to visualize them as points and draw lines requires a transformation. Transformations involves: 1) changing the distribution: modify the distribution of numbers so that they are more suitable for analysis. Some frequently used ways method: Linear transformation, Logarithmic transformation, Normalizing transformationRead MoreUsability, Interaction, And Visualization1090 Words   |  5 PagesUsability, Interaction, and Visualization The trends for usability, interaction, and visualization consider interoperability. Scholars showed that the European Commission (EC) are promoting networked enterprise information system interoperability (Agostinho et al., 2015, p. 5). 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Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay - 1171 Words

Would you change your school? Would you go to a private school instead of a public school? Or to a public school instead of a private school? Private and public education is different in many ways such as their performance, enrollment, and the overall education taught but yet they have somewhat similar teachers. Students’ performance in public and private schools differ a lot. Private schools often have better grades and test scores. It is proven that kids who go to a public school and attend a private school perform better (Williams 17). Student performance varies but the advantage would probably have to go to the private schools. Teachers in private and public schools are similar yet have some differences. There are†¦show more content†¦So, more than likely the way teachers are paid probably does not really affect the way they teach. The enrollment in public and private schools is much different. The amount of kids in a school/classroom is going to effect the way the kids learn. The less kids in a class probably the better their going to do. While the more kids enrolled in school the worse the kids are probably going to do. Public schools usually have 300-599 students enroll (Klieg 22). They have an average of 527 kids per a school (Klieg 22). Where Private schools enroll below 300 kids and have an average of 190 kids per a school (Klieg 22). Enrollment has gone up slowly with about 46.8 million kinds in public schools and about 5.9 million kids in private schools (Klieg 21). The enrollment in schools will probably still continue to rise. The overall education in both public and private schools could drastically be improved. There are many things that people could do to improve education. For instance one way to improve private education is to make them have to take certain tests. As stated by Mary Williams â€Å"No State requires private schools to take the same tests as public schools (Williams 62).† So therefore there is the public schools like in Missouri for example; where they must take the MAP tests and such other tests, while the private schools are just sitting around doing the normal routine. No, these tests aren’t for aShow MoreRelatedPrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthat private school is more expensive than public school, but has it ever occurred to you why it is like this? Private schools are not just trying to take your money, they are just trying to provide a quality education, without the government funding that public schools get. The tuition money goes to very important things; high quality teachers, better resources and the overall quality and stability of the institution. It is true that private school tuition is expensive, but private schools haveRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthink of private schools they often think of a quality of education that cannot be found in a public school. Private school education is thought of to be so thorough and innovative that public vouchers are given to individuals just to attend. Many parents could rest easier at night if their kids could attend private school because for generations it has been drilled into the psyche of many that going to private school is a sure way to have a good future. In actuality however, private schools are notRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy in private schools, which almost represents the fifth of students in Saudi Arabia. Although a lot of families prefer to make their children study i n private school, that does not mean they are completely satisfied about the schools’ quality and their children’ achievement (Al-Hagbani, 2013). Nevertheless, they still enroll their children in private schools, believing they will benefit more from studying in private schools than public schools. In addition, some parents believe that private schoolsRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1207 Words   |  5 PagesAn Introduction of the Topic Private schools differ from public schools for many different reasons. The major difference is that the government, unlike private schools that are privately funded, funds public schools. Another difference would be that the private schools have more flexibility on what they can teach because the government does not fund them. One other difference that is very prevalent is the social goals of schooling. This topic is a very important issue that many parents struggle withRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools998 Words   |  4 Pagesnation. People today might say that private schools are superior to public schools, saying that they are safer and a better environment to learn in. Some might say that a private school is a way of sheltering your child and not letting them experience opportunities and face many problems to learn from. There are many positives and negatives to both sides; it mainly depends on whom you are talking to. Some parents might want their child to go to a pri vate school because the class size is smaller andRead MorePublic Schools vs. Private Schools1027 Words   |  4 Pagesare things to consider before choosing to send your child to a public school or private school. Perhaps doing so would be much easier if you would take the time to research the differences between the two. Public schools are better than private schools because of the diversity, funding and extracurricular activities available. Eileen Gale Kugler, a national advocate for diverse schools, wrote an article about how the diversity in schools makes academic and social improvements. She recalls a memoryRead More Private Schools vs. Public Schools870 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing between a public or a private school for one’s education is as important as deciding where to invest one’s hard-earned money—the consequences influence one’s life forever. In the United States, it is the law for every child to be educated. However, the decision as to where to go for one’s education is up to each individual. There is a great deal of debate as to which is the better option: for-profit private schools or one’s local public school. Ultimately, the decision is made regardingRead MorePrivate Schools vs. Public Schools 1081 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever attended a private institution? What was your experience like? Think back and compare it to your ideal public school, which on e happens to pale in comparison? Public schools, which are controlled by the government, and heavily influenced, by politicians and privateers, hurt your children, not allowing them to reap the full benefits of their growing mind. â€Å"Our schools have been scientifically designed to prevent over-education from happening. The average American [should be] contentRead MorePrivate School Vs. Public School1254 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: Private school students are more likely to have a better viewpoint in learning, a firm stance in education, and will be more successful in colleges than of public school students. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: According to NCES data, 88 percent of private high school students apply to college, compared to 57 percent of public high school students. Every day parents contemplate whether to send their children to private or public school. There are many dangers that come with public schoolRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools921 Words   |  4 Pageschild’s education, parents want the best the school has to offer their children. Parents want a prosperous future for their child which is not only health, but a well-educated one. Education is of the utmost importance especially because it will impact the child the most in the long run. Private schools offer ample education opportunities. There are some factors to consider when choose a private school education over a public one. Many times, the private schools are religious are having certain beliefs

Hollywood and the Rise of Cultural Protectionism Free Essays

string(153) " center of international mass culture; in effect it helped with the launching of what was referred to as a process of Americanization on a global scale\." Abstract Like an iceberg, most aspects of culture are largely invisible to the casual observer (for example, gender roles, ways to solve problems, conversational patterns). Using Hofstede’s and Trompenaars’ definitions, what aspects of culture do Hollywood films promote around the worldIn what ways do Hollywood movies affect the cultural values of people outside the United States? Introduction Harvie Conn has described film as a â€Å"cultural mirror,† and that it is a valuable reflection of contemporary attitudes, philosophies, values, and lifestyles of individuals around the world. Others, such as Michael Medved, have placed more emphasis on the idea of film as a ‘former’ of culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Hollywood and the Rise of Cultural Protectionism or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Frame, M, John, n.d) Hofstede’s definition Culture it self has been defined in several ways by several theorist, such as Hofstede’s who defined culture as the â€Å"collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another.† Furthermore he stated it consists of the unwritten rules of what he referred to as a ‘social game’. (Hofstede, Geert H. 2010) He also described culture as the â€Å"software of the mind† that guides us in interactions we face on a day-to-day basis. (Hofstede, 1995) He identified 3 levels in human mental programming: Human nature (universal; inherited); Culture (specific to group/category; learned) Personality (specific to individual; learned and inherited). To conclude he stated that â€Å"Culture is always a collective phenomenon, because it is at least partly shared with people who live or lived within the same social environment which is where it is learned.† (Hofstede, 1995) In relation to film and the question of whether aspects of culture could be taught to individuals around the world, it is likely that Hofstede would agree so, that that culture could be taught through Hollywood films, as he believed that culture can be learned and also inherited. To expand on the assumption that culture could be learned, particular through film, this could be caused by the ability of individuals to have unique patterns of thinking; feeling; and potential acting which were learned throughout their lifetime, Hofstede would believe that these patterns of thinking’s could be learned through what they see in their lifetime, and what is depicted through films individuals see. (Hostede, Geert, 1991) The reason as to why he believed that culture is inherited was because of the assumption that much of it is likely to be acquired in early childhood, he argued at this time a person is most susceptible to learning and assimilating’, and that ‘As soon as certain patterns of thinking; feeling and acting have established themselves within a person’s mind; (s)he must unlearn these before being able to learn something different; and unlearning is more difficult than learning for the first time.’ (Hostede, Geert, 1991) One should agree with this theory, as what we learn from a young age and what we are continually told always will have an impact on our decision-making and interpretation of things in life. With this being said it could be assumed that when a human becomes older any future learned cultural opinions could have been influenced through Hollywood movies, we will look at the impact of Hollywood people outside of the United States. Trompenaars’ cultures definition Fons Trompenaars is a Dutch theorist within the field of cross-cultural communication and international management. The theorist developed a model of differences in national cultures. This model includes seven dimensions, it was used identify how people in different national cultures interact with each other. The respective culture’s most likely response to each dilemma, this can be seen to illustrate the deep values entrenched in different cultures, and are used to generalize each national culture’s most likely response to everyday dilemmas and human interactions. The different dimensions are useful in understanding different interactions between people from different national cultures, and can give guidance to e.g. expatriates having managerial tasks in different cultures. (Anon, 2009) The seven dimensions identified are Universalism vs. particularism (What is most important – rules or relationships?) Individualism vs. collectivism (Do we function in a group or as individuals?) Neutral vs. emotional (Do we display our emotions, or do we hide them?) Specific vs. diffuse (Do we handle our relationships in specific and predetermined ways, or do we see our relationships as changing and related to contextual settings?) Achievement vs. ascription (Do we have to prove ourselves to receive status, or is status given to us?) Sequential vs. synchronic (Do we do things one at a time or several things at once?) Internal vs. external control (Do we believe that we can control our environment, or do we believe that the environment controls us?) Trompenaars tested these 7 dimensions on 55 worldwide national cultures. The results found in every national culture, which illustrate the preferred response to different dilemmas concerning each dimension, can therefore be used by business managers to foresee, how different people from different cultures may act and behave in different atmospheres (Anon, 2009) Hollywood’s Film Industries influence to the world From a historically aspect, Hollywood’s influence to other worldwide cultures can be seen from ever since the World War I, after this war occurred, according to sources, the American film industry achieved international dominance and became a principal promoter of American cultural expansion, in doing this Hollywood projecting images of America to the rest of the world. (Tosaka, 2003) In relation to Hofstede’s theory which said that culture could be learned, it would be assumed that with this American cultural expansion, their culture would become taught among foreign people in foreign national cultures. After the war according to the source, the United States emerged as the world’s leading economy and the largest creditor nation. At this time the American-controlled media flooded global markets with their American popular culture. The fact that America started to control media, would assume they were in control of what they wanted viewers to see and they were in control of how they wanted people around the world to think about America. This therefore contributed to the country being increasingly recognized as the center of international mass culture; in effect it helped with the launching of what was referred to as a process of Americanization on a global scale. You read "Hollywood and the Rise of Cultural Protectionism" in category "Essay examples" (Rosenberg, 1890–1945) The aspects that would have been taught among people around the world through film would be social values, lifestyles and fashions, the effects among people around the world, vary as individuals could loathe, admire, and emulate it all over the world. (Rosenberg, 1890–1945) But of all cultural exports American inflicted globally, the Hollywood cinema was alleged to perhaps be the most visible and influential outpost of American culture in the interwar era. America became powerful as they started to control most film markets; in doing this they started enacting their American way of life on the silver screen which would therefore influence the individuals of crowded movie theatres around the world. Because of this Hollywood often became subject of a growing debate about the question of cultural identity in a new, interconnected world. (Tosaka, 2003) Some interpreted Hollywood’s control of film markets as positive, in that it helps ‘serve as goodwill ambassadors for promoting mutual understanding among nations.’ Furthermore, it has been said, that American Producers with regard to their dominance of globally of the film market, sort to ensure that every picture â€Å"shall correctly portray American life, opportunities and aspirations to the world,† while also â€Å"correctly portray[ing] to America the life of other people.† (Hays to J. F. Keeley, 23 August 1924, 281 Motion Pictures—General, 1924, RG 151) But it has been said in real life, however, just like its discourses on modernity and mass culture, Hollywood’s vision of creating global products that crossed the boundaries of culture and nation was often besieged with a constant stream of critical examination by domestic and foreign observers alike. (Tosaka, 2003) Further criticism was made, in regard to Hollywood’s dominance and cultural power to influence people around the world. These people that sit in the cinema watching the films may take the aspects of the movies as a reflection of prevailing social attitudes and start generalizing, there has been a demand for some specific films, to require great caution such as Fictional Films. (Razlogova, Ellen 2005) It has been said, Fictional films are complex industrial and social products. The way they are filmed, distributed, exhibited, and received by various audiences around the world and critics must be investigated to fully evaluate their ability to changes people’s perception of historical evidence. Examples have been made of this; it should be regarded as dangerous to interpret a few films from a specific period as simple reflections of American society. ‘The attitudes portrayed in a specific film may represent a series of compromises carefully designed to be non-offensive. In addition, individual films can indicate very different attitudes toward labor unions, big business, race relations, or women’s rights.’ (Razlogova, Ellen 2005) This demonstrates that to different individuals in different cultures, even though their national cultures are different, they will still have the same perception and the same learning from watching the film, whether it is in relation to race or even women’s rights, or gay rights, it shows that film is a powerful regulator of people’s minds. The Culture Values promoted by various Hollywood Films Several Hollywood Films have caused great influences among people these could be seen as positive and controversially negative. Take for instance Movies that deal with Politics such as Air Force One (DVD) 1997 Directed by Wolfgang Petersen. The film is a Hollywood blockbuster movie, starring A-list actor Harrison Ford as James Marshall, President of the USA. The plot deals with fictional political intrigue and the hijacking of Air Force One, the President’s jumbo jet, by Russian terrorists. (Davis, n.d) The films influence could be regarded as an influence on Political philosophy, which is defined as philosophical reflection on how best to arrange our collective life – our political institutions and our social practices, such as our economic system and our pattern of family life. (Miller, 1998) The film is alleged to transmit several subtle and overt political messages. The film is also seen to be a celebration of American patriotism and militarism. (Davis, n.d) The film Dead Poets Society (1989) makes a critique of traditional education. Upon its release in 1989, Dead Poets Society (written by Tom Schulman, directed by Peter Weir) became a cultural influence among people in the world, as it’s a film that is regarded to have spoken to teens, students, the public and critics at large. (Laic, Carol 2001). The movie is alleged to have represented a social movement of ‘freedom of thought’ in the education of young adults, its influence was significant as traditional learning techniques are challenged by a new English teacher John Keating (Robin Williams) who introduces new progressive approaches in stark contrast to the traditions of disciplined learning styles. (Laic, Carol 2001). This obviously has an education influence among viewers worldwide, it had the ability to impact on influences the way we are taught new things, therefore it is influential. In regard to influences of religion among the world, the film Passion of The Christ (2004) as stated in the case study, should be regarded as a controversial film, so controversial that the film was in Muslim countriesThe film has created a stir among ultra-Orthodox rabbis and some politicians who want it banned according to the Los Angeles Times. A survey showed that there were a rising percentage of individuals who say Jews were responsible for Christ’s death is rising, after watching the film. The poll released by the Pew Research Center in Washington is the first statistical evidence that the film’s box-office success may be associated with an increase in anti-Jewish feeling. (Ekklesia, 2004) Films such as Borat: Cultural Learnings of America For Make Benefit (2006) could be seen as to ridicule of foreign cultures for their religious believes ect. The film Lost In Translation (2003) was criticized for its portrayal of Japanese people as robotic creatures who mix up their L’s and R’s. Because of this portrayal, it’s likely that Americans will assume this is normal for Japanese people to do; therefore it is likely that the portrayal will create ignorant stereotypes among the Japanese and East Asian Americans. Worldwide, protectionism of most goods is insignificant or declining. Do movies constitute a separate category (culture incarnate, as stated in the case study), or should they be treated like any other goodThat is, given the nature of movies, is it okay for a country to shield and support its own film industry via protectionismWhyAre there any other cultural industries that governments should protect? There have been many controversial issues surrounding the idea of cultural protectionism, particularly in relation to foreign film markets, such as Australia. The Australian government had been involved in a series of negotiations with the US for what was described as a bilateral trade agreement. At the time the Bush Administration promised their Prime Minister John Howard a free trade deal as a pay-off for Australian participation in the illegal US-led war against Iraq.’ (Phillips, 2003) The agreement was beneficial to Australian businesses and farmers with better access to American markets and boost export incomes. But to achieve this however, Howard told the media, â€Å"We will have to agree to some things the Americans put to us.† In the agreement America could decline to pay taxation on films, as it was suggested by the Local filmmakers and actors argued that this shows a weakening of protective measures for the small Australian film and television industry. (Phillips, 2003) With this being said, if there is less taxation imposed on America for their films, there will be less finance from quotas (what the government demands to help finance new local-content) towards local films, as stated in the case study. Furthermore, it was said by the Australian Screen Directors Association (ASDA) executive Richard Harris, and an actors union called the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA), that the lack of quotas to promote protectionism of goods could ‘lead to a collapse of the local industry’. They claimed that Australia’s â€Å"cultural identity† was under threat from Hollywood if these agreements were accepted for in return for the free trade deal. (Phillips, 2003) This issue for the Australian film industry if accepted from the US, it would demonstrate a decline in the protectionism of their goods, a loss of their cultural indentify; Australia would have to make do with American film culture, and no film culture reflecting the Australian way of life. Given these circumstances it should be okay for their government to protect their film industry and providing a shield for it. In contrast The French government has expressed support for French Culturalism, As the French President at the time, Jacqes Chirac strongly supported restrictions within the entertainment industry because as he puts it — he did not want to see â€Å"European culture sterilized or obliterated by American Culture for economic reasons that have nothing to do with real culture† (Rinaman, n.d) The EU Broadcast Directive was passed in October 1989 in an effort to protect and promote the Europeancultural identity. The directive requires that EU member-states reserve a majority (51 percent) of entertainment broadcast transmission time for programs of European origin. The Directive and quotas (as explained in the case study) implemented by the French Government limit the number of American films shown in French theatres and on French Television. After the EU Directive was implemented into the French domestic law, American entertainment executives were alleged to have complained that these laws were put in place to limit their audiences globally; they therefore weren’t pleased with these actions for cultural protectionism. In response to the outcry the EU officials claimed that quotas and trade limitations set were not intended to keep American productions out of Europe. The initial goal was to liberalize trade, not restrain it; to enhance business opportunities for all broadcasting companies selling in Europe. Europeans, and especially the French say, â€Å"A legitimate desire to preserve national and regional identities should not be confused with protectionism. Creating a more level playing ground within the film industry worldwide is goal France had seemed to be working toward. (Rinaman, n.d) Cultural Protectionism hurts the American Industry more than foreign industry as it stands to economic control within the entertainment industry. US film producers are mostly concerned with the directive’s implications because of the success of their industry, according to sources, the Hollywood earns $3.5 billion per year from the exports to the European audio-visual market. (Rinaman, n.d) The United States, according to the source had held consultation with the EU under concerning the directive. They argued that the quotas in place violate member-states’ obligations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. The US contends that it is entitled to take further action based on its GATT rights and will therefore monitor the implementation of the EU measures closely, in order to ascertain whether Super 301 measures will be necessary. (Rinaman, n.d) Other cultural industries that governments seek to protect are also national magazine industries. The Canadian government had placed an 80% tax on all foreign magazines sold in Canada that did not contain at least 80% Canadian content. The tax was imposed in response to Time Warner Inc. Printing of its Canadian split-run version of Sports Illustrated in Canada. Even though Canadians share many basic attributes with their American neighbours; for instance they speak the same language, watch many of the same films and television programs and read the same best-selling books, they still feel the need for cultural protectionism. The Nation at the time is said to feel that its cultural identity is being compromised by broadcast mixing of programmes on the radio and satellite, this is caused by proximity allowing radio programming to cross the border between the US and Canada with very little difficulty. (Rinaman, n.d) From a General point of view, Canada’s market of 26 million people had become saturated by American culture distributed by cultural industries in the US and Canada. According to the source, between 60 and 95 percent of film, television, music and publishing markets were controlled by Americans Four in every five magazines sold in Canada are foreign publications. This should be the reason as to why government needed to impose taxation, to protect their culture. (Rinaman, n.d) Conclusion To conclude, generally Hollywood still has an impact on cultural aspects of lives, as demonstrated in films of the 21st century, Hollywood films still have the impact to influence cultural beliefs on non-Americans, and these cultural views could be taught and learned as Hofstede believed in his theory, there are many influences such as political which could influence citizens of other nations, along with the issue of patriotism. The influences are not always easy to identify, as said it isn’t easy to see to an observer, e.g. hidden messages. These influences are a threat to societies of other nations, as movies may generalize and stereotype foreign nations. Not all influences are seen as negative as demonstrated in the educational aspects in the film Dead Poets Society (1989). With regard to most of the influence of Hollywood, because of the impact among people all over the world, the author suggests a need for cultural protectionism, to limit Hollywood’s control over t he mass-media globally, so that foreign markets can promote a realistic culture among their society. With regard to the issue as to whether it is right for foreign governments to implement strategies to enforce cultural protectionism, through taxation and legislation, if it protects the local film industries, then it should be allowed and it should not be declining, with regard to the Australian Screen Directors Association’s assumption that the lack of quota could jeopardise their film industry. (ASDA) therefore it could result in a lack of jobs being created for Australians, and therefore cause more issues for the Australian government. As outlined, there are many reasons as to why it is beneficial to promote cultural protectionism of foreign countries; it helps reflect a more realistic aspect of their national culture, if there are more domestic films being produced and less Americanised films. Bibliography Books Hofstede, Geert H. (2010) ‘Cultures and Organizations, Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival’ Published by the McGraw-Hill Companie Hofstede, Geert H. (1995) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York, NYM McGraw-Hill 1995 (Hostede, Geert (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.) Trompenaars, Fons, Hampden-Turner, Charles Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business Nicholas Brealey Publishing 1997 Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890–1945 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), 87–121. Douglas, Ann (1995) Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920spublished in New York by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, chaps. 9–11 McNair, B. (1999). An Introduction to Political Communication (2nd edition) London: Routledge. Robb, D. L. (2004). Operation Hollywood: How the Pentagon Shapes and Censors the Movies. Amherst: Prometheus. Street, J. (2001). Mass Media, Politics and Democracy. Houndmills: Palgrave. Wink, W. (1998). The powers that be: Theology for a new millennium. New York: Doubleday. Filmography Air Force One (DVD) 1997 Directed by Wolfgang Petersen Cultural Learnings of America For Make Benefit (DVD) 2006 Directed by Larry Clark Lost in Translation 2003 (DVD) Directed by Sofia Soppola Passion of The Christ( DVD) 2004 Directed by Mel Gibson Dead Poets Society (DVD) 1989 Journals 1. Tosaka, Yuji (2003) Hollywood Goes To Tokyo: American Cultural Expansion And imperial Japan, 1918–1941 The Ohio State University 2003 [Accessed March 21st 2011] Internet Sources 1. Phillps, Richard ‘Australian film industry: the futility of calls for â€Å"cultural protection† Published 9 December 2003 [Accessed March 20th 2011] 2. MILLER, DAVID (1998). Political philosophy. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved March 24, 2011, from 3. Paterson, Robert Geert Hofstede’s Model [Accessed March 21th 2011] 4 . Hec Montreal [Accessed March 21th 2011] 5 . Trompenaars, Fons, Hampden-Turner, Charles What are Fons Trompenaar’ Cultural Dimensionshttp://www.businessmate.org/Article.php?ArtikelId=5 (2009) [Accessed March 21th 2011] 6 . BBC NEWS (2004) ‘Christ Film Opens to Controversy’ [Accessed March 21th 2011] 7 . Laic, Carol (2001) Selected Moments of the 20th Century: Dead Poets Society makes a critique of traditional education 8 . The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (OISE/UT) [Accessed March 20th 2011] 9. Rinaman, Karen ‘French film quotas and cultural protectionism’ American University (http://www1.american.edu/TED/frenchtv.htm) [Accessed March 20th 2011] 10. Rinaman, Karen ‘Canadian Magazine Industry and Cultural Protectionism’ Rinaman American University [Accessed March 20th 2011] 11. Frame, M, John Theology at the Movies: Film and Culture [Accessed March 20th 2011] 12. Elena Razlogova, Roy Rosenzweig Film as Social and Cultural History (2005) 1999-2005 American Social History [Accessed March 20th 2011] 13. Davis, Richard ( n.d) http://www.rad.net.nz/index.php?id=843 [Accessed March 20th 2011] 14. Ekklesia, ‘Passion of Christ Not Showing in Isarel’ Published in 2004 (http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/content/news_syndication/article_04046pss.shtml) How to cite Hollywood and the Rise of Cultural Protectionism, Essay examples

Understanding Motivation Employee Behavior â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understanding Motivation Employee Behavior? Answer: Introduction Understanding motivation and employee behaviour has been a topic of interest for managers organization development experts and researchers as they have the objective of minimizing risk and maximizing human potential. Focus is being provided on the management and working with individuals or groups divided into multiple ages and generations by scholarly researchers, sociologists and human resources management specialists. A generational group in the work place can be defined as a group divided in accordance to age, location, birth years and significant life events. Those who share social and historical experience having a relatively stable effect on their course of life are referred to as a generational group which is referred to as a cohort. However Lyons Kuron (2014) demonstrates critical review of the empirical evidence and theoretical basis in relation to the famous idea according to which generational differences in work values exist. The principles of generations is fundamental in Sociology theory however the empirical evidence in relation to academic for generational differences in work values is mixed at best. There is a significant difference between age and generation and those studies which are not able to identify such difference are not able to make a simple observation related to the predicted differences in work values. Methodological limitations are eminent in empirical literature as most studies use a cross-sectional research design. This leads to confusion in relation to the definition of generation as compared to that of cohort along with insignificant consideration of the differences among ethnicity gender and national context . The purpose of review The young workers in modern day workplace are more worried about having competent leaders, a say in the decision and getting fair pay. On the other hand the media pictures millennials in a way which indicates that they are focused in getting kudos from superiors and taking up the social responsibilities of their companies (Great Places to Work, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to review the available literatures in relation to generational differences in work values in order to find out to what extent the above discussed findings are true. Values According to Bolton et al., (2013) values are a belief which has a connection with behavioural conduct and desirable states, they are consistent towards different events and situations and they act as a guide towards the evaluation of other people, events and behaviour by an individual. As provided by Inkson, Dries Arnold (2014) an enduring belief which indicates that a particular mode of end-state of existence or conduct is socially or personally fancied over an converse or opposite way of end-state of existence or conduct. Values are not the same as social norms which merely refers to a mode of behaviour and change in accordance to specific situations. Values are also not the same as attitudes as they are not bound to situations or events and the core values which people posses are much less then attitudes. Work Values Wrong at all 2008 defines work values as a standard which employees consider towards ensuring an appropriate action along with attitude which can be deemed as appropriate. It has been for the provided by this paper that different personalities are consisted in generations and such personalities have an influence on work-related values held by them. Landy Conte (2016) states that values related to work are the conceptions held by individuals in relation to their work activity which are desirable and reflect the Awareness of the individuals in relation to the working environment which they want and father actors a motivation for them to achieve such working environment. As provided by Sarma (2014) values are helpful reflectors of actions and decisions of an individual. Values are not very prone to change and are relatively permanent. People can be provided motivation through allocating those activities and outcomes which are valued by them. Although a few differences have been identif ied between work values and general values, work values can be expressed as the outcome which people desire and want to attain through work. The perception of employees related to the workplace are shaped by work values as they exert a significant and direct influence on attitudes and behaviours of employees along with job decisions and problem solving. There exists a persistent difference in relation to work values which is between extrinsic and intrinsic values. The focus of extrinsic work values are on outcomes and consequences of work such as the rewards which are tangible in form of opportunities, advancements, income and statues. On the other hand intrinsic work values focuses on the way in which work is carried out and reflect the inherent interest related to wok which carries such as opportunities to be creative and learning potentials. Other values of work consists of autonomy or influence towards decision making, job security and stability, contributing to the society and helping others, interpersonal relationships at work opportunity for vacation, free time and exclusion from being supervised. Different expectations and preferences are produced in relation to work by different generations because of basically different events and experiences faced by them. During the early phases of work the young workers have to take decisions which set their values in place. A recently conducted meta-analysis by Beck Cowan (2014) provided that the attitudes towards work are fairly stable among humans from early adolescence to adulthood. This means that same as abilities and personality traits, it is likely that vocational interest would have effects on path followed over the course of life. Organizations can be benefited through understanding work values of a group or individual by providing them structured jobs, compensation packages, working conditions and policies so as to provide motivation and extract best quality effort. Several views exist in relation to the connection between work values and personal values. As provided by Twenge, Campbell Freeman (2012) a cognitive structure producing conceptual similarities between work and personal values is consisted in values. Parry Urwin (2011) states that wok values arise from the projection of personal values in relation to the work. Thus it can be stated that personal values have some kind of link with work values. Generations As the definition of work is subjected to change over time, the diverse age groups which constitute a work place are likely to provide diverse vales of work based on societal influences. Values are constituted by generational cohorts on the basis of social and historical experience which manipulate their perceptions about work, career desires and organizations. For the purpose of understanding the logic behind the classification of a specific age cohort into a generation theoretical and definitional underpinning has to be understood in relation to the question that how influence is exerted and manifested in relation to a work place. According to Kramer Porter (2011) the definition of generations is made in social and chronological terms in form of a group sharing age location, birth years and significant life events at early stages. Beck (2014) Provided that generation is a group of people having collective memory and are connected by age. The concept of generation provides a view t hat how a same event is viewed differently by different ages. The generational theory as provided by Costanza (2012) sets out a distinction coevals people moving through life cycles at the same time and brought born at the same point of history and contemporaries people who exists at a same point of time but having different ages. Thus contemporaries would interpret and experience a historical event in different ways because of their past experiences and to the contrary as coevals have a similar history they would interpret and perceive an event in the same way. Generation location is the terms which had been used in Cogin (2012) in order to represent temporary space of a group of individuals sliding through the life cycle contemporaneously. Development of values in generation groups Through theoretical concept about generations, it can be stated that with the help of particular development experience, the roots of generational differences may be found to an extent in differences of values. The theory provided by Schullery (2013) provide a suggestion that unique characteristics are bestowed in generations which upon interaction with social influence and individual development results in diverse values which take place within the environment of work. Generational stereotypes and conflicts are identified through the help of this theory along with the problems related to communication between groups. In addition as the focus of work in relation to career and attitudes is changing in the modern day there would be a significant role of generations towards explain values of work. Generation and work values Overall a lack of academic research exists specifically in the organizational context towards identifying the differences among generations in relation to work values. Mixed results have been produced by studies which have provided an overly stereotypical conclusion. More precise studies depict that researcher have only utilized age for the purpose of their analysis and as a result social and historical context and the use of generational membership influence as a variable. Age related finding are to some extent useful towards identifying the influence of generational differences in work values. The generations are divided into Matures born between 1925 to 1945, Baby Boomers born between 1946 to 1961, Generation X born between 1962-1979 and baby boom echo born between 1980 to 2000. Generational values not only vary in relation to wok values but also in relation to work outcomes. In relation to age and job satisfaction it has been provided by various studies that age and job satisfact ions are related. In a Meta analysis conducted by Kapoor Solomon (2011) it was found that job satisfaction and age had a mean correlation of .23. people who were belonging to a higher age group and having a high hierarchy in generations tend to have far more job satisfaction as compared to those who are young and belong to the present generation. This is because there are increased wants and demands of the modern generation and they perceive all situations in a competitive way as compared to people belonging to provisions generations. In relation to age and affective organization commitment significant relationships have been found by those researches which have investigated demographic characteristics. A Meta analysis conducted by Gentry et al., (2011) provided a statistical average correlation of 0.20 among age and organizational commitment. This can be provided as the present generation are always looking for more and more opportunities and personal development to enhance their careers and therefore ignoring the commitment towards a particular organization. What is depicted by the media in relation to millennials is not totally incorrect. This particular generational group does strive for appraises from the supervisor, however such apprises are desired in relation to personal development and evaluation but not in relation to organization commitment. As provided by Haynes (2011) baby boomers have been more committed towards organizational goals as compared to generation X who are more committed towards personal development. In relation to age and intention mixed results have been produced by researches. Studies depict that employee retention is dependent on the competency of their leaders in the present day. People are concerned about having competent leaders who would help them not only to achieve organizational objectives but also personal development. In addition Deyoe Fox (2012) the present generation as they lack organization commitment are worried more about the payments received by them as tend to be always in search of opportuni ties which would provided them better payments as compared to previous generations. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded from the above discussed studies that personal and work values are related to each other to a large extent. Values differ in accordance to generations as each generation has their own perceptions about events and experiences. These values are influence the work domain of individuals. A work place consists of contemporaries which mean that they perceive different events in different ways. The millennials as studies depict are more towards personal development as compared to the previous generations. They believe in taking up opportunities rather than having a commitment towards the organization. This is because of the social influence on the generation which in the modern times is predominantly restricted to materialistic values. What is depicted by the media is also not totally incorrect as the millennials are also devoted to work and often manifest organizational commitment for the purpose of only attaining a better position. In modern times where competition is predominant in the market the organizations have to ensure the well being of the employees. Mostly all studies have depicted that employee wellbeing initiatives taken by the organization have a direct effect on the performance of employees and their commitment towards the organization. Effectiveness can be enhanced by the organization through addressing wellness shortfalls. The question which arises is that whether an organization should design there wellness initiatives around a particular generation. As concluded in the above essay generational differences have a significant influence on work values. An organization does not have employees merely belonging to a specific age or generational group. Each group have different work values which make them approach their roles within the organization in diverse ways. Each and every employee has a certain role to play within the organization and thus is significant to the organization in some or the oth er way. I do not think that organizations should frame wellness initiatives to be imposed as a whole in relation to a particular generation. However it is necessary for organizations to identify and generational differences within it. If generational differences are identified it would be easy for organization to deal with them separately and in order to ensure best performance. The modern generation knows that changes is inevitable within the workplace and see changes as a new opportunity to development however the previous generation employees are not particularly habituated with changes and therefore it is not taken by them in a good way. The generation X would therefore require a wellness activities which would provide them personal time and scope for exercising own independence. They have to be provided with tools along with the opportunities of using them. The communication in relation to wellness has to be done with them in relation to life instead of work so that more focus can be provided on work life balance when they are more interested in. When it comes to Millennials who desire a challenging and meaningful work environment matching wellness initiatives have to be considered. The particular generation has grown up surrounded with technology and thus they have a lot of information and access to it at their finger tips. They have high expectations from employees in relation to wellness programs. Thus in order to ensure the wellness of young employees short terms goals have to set as they want quicker results and rewards. In addition there are need to be shown that the company is interested in them and have made a considerable investment to help them achieve their goals. Then while designing an employee wellness program the organizations must take a look at their workforce. After such consideration has been made a place should be designed to meet the needs of the entire workforce. In case an organization is able to achieve a balance through the combination of tactics they can make the most out of wellness programs. Generational gaps can be challenging but instead of a road block it has to be considered as a opportunity to include a diverse work environment. References Beck, D. E., Cowan, C. (2014).Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Beck, U. (2014).The brave new world of work. John Wiley Sons. Becton, J. B., Walker, H. J., Jones?Farmer, A. (2014). Generational differences in workplace behavior.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,44(3), 175-189. Beutell, N. J. (2013). Generational differences in work-family conflict and synergy.International journal of environmental research and public healthcare,10(6), 2544-2559. Bolton, R. N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., ... Solnet, D. 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